The spring is, simply an elastic object that can store mechanical energy. They tend to be made of steel and come in many designs but most commonly in coiled forms.
Whenever a spring is disturbed from its resting position, when stretched or compressed, it tends to exert an opposing force approximately proportional to its change in length.
Small springs can be made from winding pre-hardened material whilst larger springs are usually made by annealed steel that is hardened after production.
In history, non-coiled springs were common, like the bow, but coiled springs began to appear around the 15th Century. Today they have many applications from vehicle suspension to slinky toys.
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